Later tanks' slits had thick glass, as well as sights and periscopes which could still be damaged with powerful small arms such as anti-tank rifles and heavy machine guns, hampering the crew. In addition to the inherently short range, they required careful aim to be effective, and those that relied on explosive force were often so powerful that the user had to take cover immediately. If you make a modern AT gun with the effectiveness of a tank’s maingun (The only way to -fight- a tank with an AT gun, especially since they lack the mobility! says a LAW can kill a T-80 from a frontal shot, oh and the Apache has a 30mm cannon btw and the A-10 would go for shots at the rear. The HEAT warhead was retroactively used to give more power to smaller calibre weapons such as in the conversion of the otherwise limited German 37 mm PaK guns to fire a large shell, called Stielgranate 41, that fitted over the barrel rather than down in it, to a greater range than the Panzerschreck could manage. For a time, it appeared that the tank was a dead end. Entries are listed below in alphanumeric order (1-to-Z). Instead, self-propelled anti-tank … [36] Initially there were many teething problems; However, the possibilities, such as providing the ability to attack the more lightly armored top of the tank, were clear. These are divided as follows: Ground-to-air cooperation was not yet systematic in any army of the period, but given sufficient warning ground attack aircraft could support ground troops even during an enemy attack in an attempt to interdict the enemy units before they come into tactical combat zone. The Soviets developed the RPG-2 from the German Panzerfaust 150. Both the Soviet Red Army and the German Army developed methods of combating tank-led offensives, including deployment of static anti-tank weapons embedded in in-depth defensive positions, protected by anti-tank obstacles and minefields, and supported by mobile anti-tank reserves and by ground-attack aircraft. Rough terrain may expose the floor armor, and high ground such as multi-story buildings may expose the top armor. The Red Army was also faced with a new challenge in anti-tank warfare after losing most of its tank fleet and a considerable part of its anti-tank capable cannons. Very little development took place in UK because weapons available in 1940 were judged adequate for engaging Italian and German tanks during most of the North African Campaign. It doesn’t matter how fast a shape-charged warhead is going when it detonates, after all. Although the charges could knock out any allied tank, the tactic was extremely close-range and the sappers were vulnerable to allied weapons. Myself? This was a long process, staring in the 1950s when lighter, more mobile recoilless rifles appeared then by more and more affordable and effective, longer ranged and … The RPG-7 is one of the most widely used anti-tank weapons, favored most by soldiers of irregular militaries. Once Germany was host to 4,000 tanks and Britain and France over 1,000 each. Both those weapon systems use a tandem warhead where the first stage of the tandem warhead activates the reactive armor, and the second stage of the tandem warhead defeats the shell armor by means of a High Explosive Anti Tank (HEAT) shaped charge. Within the line, passive anti-tank obstacles were supported by anti-infantry and anti-tank bunkers. The Iraqis apparently had some 100mm anti-tank guns during Desert Storm, but they evidently didn’t do any good. Even a non-penetrating shell could still disable a tank through dynamic shock, internal armor shattering or simply overturning the tank. “Tanks are like heavy-weight boxers, able to throw big punches, and take big punches in their own right and that’s still going to be relevant, but there is a whole host of other roles for armoured vehicles.” Defying the armour axiom. All of these light weapons could penetrate the thin armor found on most pre-war and early war tanks. Since shape charged rounds can be deployed by either method, it makes more sense that non-mechanized units would choose the weight conservative option. By 1943 Wehrmacht was forced to adopt still larger calibers on the Eastern Front, the 75 mm and the famous 88 mm guns. In Germany, these developments eventually culminated in tactics that later came to be known as Blitzkrieg, while in the Soviet Union they formed the core of the deep battle operational doctrine. If tank crewmen unbutton for better visibility they become vulnerable to small arms fire, grenades and molotov cocktails. In the 1960s, the U.S. Army adopted the M72 LAW rocket, a lightweight, collapsible rocket launcher with the ability to penetrate moderate thicknesses of enemy armor. Here is one still in action! Earlier this year, the last US battle tanks left Europe’s shores. The effort to make and field an effective AT gun would be silly when you could use ATGMs instead, which are much easier to move and generally more effective. Chinese troops in the Second Sino-Japanese War used suicide bombing against Japanese tanks. All of the M1s with 105mm guns have been withdrawn from service. Chinese troops strapped explosives like grenade packs or dynamite to their bodies and threw themselves under Japanese tanks to blow them up. Also see under museums. we still have the TOW missile correct? As towed anti-tank cannon guns grew in size and weight, they became less mobile and more cumbersome to maneuver, and required ever larger gun crews, who often had to wrestle the gun into position while under heavy artillery and/or tank fire. All that was proven there was that it was proof against weaponry twenty to forty years older than it…the same weaponry it was built to defeat. Whilst many hand-held infantry anti-tank weapons will not penetrate the front armor of a tank, they may penetrate the less heavily armored top, rear, and sides. Anti-Tank Vehicles are arranged in a separate listing found here. 2cm FlaK 30. Bit of a hijack, hope no one minds. [6] Although shaped charges are somewhat more difficult to manufacture, the advantage is that the projectile does not require as high velocity as typical kinetic energy shells, yet on impact it creates a high-velocity jet of metal flowing like a liquid due to the immense pressure (though x-ray diffraction has shown the metal stays solid[7]) which hydrodynamically penetrates the armor and kills occupants inside. Finally in early 1917 the 3.7 cm TaK from Rheinmetall was rushed to the frontline, and proved effective in destroying the tanks despite limited elevation and traverse. Although putting weapons on helicopters (probably) dates back to 1955 with the Bell 47, the first specific attack helicopter that went into mass production was the Bell AH-1 Cobra in 1966. Not quite This is another popular myth, one that people think has been “proven” from Desert Storm. We do have lots of anti-tank guns currently, 120mm Rheinmetall smoothbores and rifled 105mms. The king of battle had been bested by puny infantrymen armed with Soviet-made wire-guided anti-tank missiles and rocket launchers. And there are perfectly good airborne anti-tank guns today; the A-10 Thunderbolt and the AH-64 Apache carry them, Note the airborne there. Once again the shell explodes above the tank position and dispenses a number of submunitions. I thought the only thing in that size category were howitzers, and only suitable for anti-tank use when equipped with specialized smart munitions. A tank neatly combines all the support systems and mobility needed to make an anti-tank gun useful, hence ending the usefulness of the towed models. If the U.S. Army even has an anti-tank gun in service now, I don’t know what it is. The United States was one of the last, coming up with the BGM-71 TOW in 1970. So i'm going to combine everything they said into one mega answer. Much more mobile, easier to produce, and just as lethal and precise (Perhaps even more lethal, in the case of the top-attack TOW-2B and Javelin). 5"/51 caliber gun (coastal defense) 8 … Many casemate tank destroyers either originated as, or were dual-purpose vehicles with the duty of a self-propelled gun, which share many (but usually not all) of the same features and layout. According to the Sudanese writer Mansour Al-Hadj, Sudanese jihadists were trained to attack enemy tanks by suicide bombing them. ), you’re really better off finishing the other half and making it a complete tank. Could anti-tank guns still be used against modern day MBTs? This gave impetus to the development of the self-propelled, lightly armored "tank destroyer" (TD). Following Operation Overlord in 1944, the military version of the slow-flying Piper J-3 Cub high-wing light civilian monoplane, the L-4 Grasshopper, usually used for liaison and artillery-spotting, began to be used in a light anti-armor role by a few U.S. Army artillery spotter units over France; these aircraft were field-outfitted with either two or four bazooka rocket launchers attached to the lift struts,[9] against German armored fighting vehicles. The Warsaw Pact arrived at the solution of maneuver warfare while massively increasing the number of anti-tank weapons. The Germans used a magnetic grenade, the Hafthohlladung to ensure that the shaped charge would fire at the optimal 90° angle to the armor. Molotov cocktails also saw much use, especially in the Winter War, early tanks (such as the T-26) being very vulnerable to them, but later tanks required a well-thrown bottle directly over the engine compartment to have any effect at all. [23][24], North Korean tanks were attacked by South Koreans with suicide tactics during the North Korean invasion of the South. [12] Late in 1944, the Sherman-origin M36 appeared, equipped with a 90 mm cannon. [2] Because tanks represent an enemy's greatest force projection on land, military strategists have incorporated anti-tank warfare into the doctrine of nearly every combat service since. The tank destroyer was usually based on the hull of existing tank designs, using either a gun integrated into the hull or a fully rotating turret much like that of a conventional tank. More sophisticated are submunitions with a homing capability. 1939. Methods used during the Second World War to improve the protection of armored vehicles. Of the major iconic Soviet weapons of the Second World War, two were made exclusively for anti-tank warfare, the T-34 and the Ilyushin Il-2 Shturmovik. Due to the dominating presence of tanks in World War 2, it became imperative for all sides to field some sort of mobile counter in the Anti-Tank Gun. The Apache’s Hughes 20mm chaingun wouldn’t do more than pester a modern MBT. The Indian Arjun tank has also been modified to fire this missile. To increase their effectiveness, some grenades were designed so that they adhered to the tank either through an adhesive (sticky bomb) or with a magnet. Exactly. It’s possible to argue that later anti-tank guns, like the Sherman Firefly’s 17-pounder or the Soviet 100 mm Model 1944, were technically as good or even better than the German 88. The first HEAT rounds were rifle grenades, but better delivery systems were soon introduced: the British PIAT was propelled in a manner similar to the spigot mortar with a blackpowder charge contained in the tailfin assembly, the US Bazooka and the German Panzerschreck used rockets, and the German Panzerfaust was a small recoilless gun. However, gun crews were vulnerable to artillery, mortar HE fire and enemy infantry. The early tanks were mechanically rudimentary. Depending on terrain and the available line-of-sight, the longer-ranged guns could begin to fire on approaching tanks from as far as 2 kilometers, which was also the range at which German Panther and Tiger tank gunners were trained to fire. Delay meant that Nationalist field artillery could engage the lightly armored Soviet tanks. So has modern tank armor surpassed the ability of a practical ground-based anti-tank gun to penetrate? On the ground, you’re much more likely to meet the front and sides, which a mere 30mm gun of any type will have no hope of penetrating. A towed gun was much cheaper than a tank and could be concealed in a shallow position. The reason for this: from the air, the aircraft can maneuver easily to hit the top and rear of a tank, where the armor is very thin. The Red Army used a variety of 45 mm, 57 mm, and 100 mm guns, as well as deploying general-purpose 76.2 mm and 122-mm guns in the anti-tank role. Casemate tank destroyers often had the same amount of armour as the tanks they were based on. A big drawback for rocket propelled ordinance is that they need to burn most of their propellent before they reach max velocity. ground to ground anti-tank weapon. The destructive effect was reliant entirely on the kinetic energy of the explosion rather than the ballistic speed of the round on the damage inflicted to the armor. By the beginning of WW2, anti-tank rifle teams could knock out most tanks from a distance of about 500 m, and do so with a weapon that was man-portable and easily concealed. Notable examples include the Finnish Lahti L-39 (which was also used as a sniper rifle during the Continuation War), the automatic Japanese Type 97 20 mm anti-tank rifle, the German Panzerbüchse 38, Panzerbüchse 39, the Polish wz.35 and the Soviet 14.5 mm PTRD and PTRS-41. The development of these doctrines was the most significant influence on the rapid development in anti-tank technology and tactics in the Second World War. If the crews of the disabled tanks refused to surrender, they were engaged with flamethrowers, or a mortar would be fired on the stricken vehicle until a direct hit was achieved on the top surface, usually resulting in an internal fire. Flag images indicative of country of origin and not necessarily primary operator. So the project was run purely on the initiative of … The tank may be on a comeback because of active defense systems, which attack missiles in mid-air. Rheinmetall commenced design of a 37 mm anti-tank gun in 1924 and the first guns were produced in 1928 as 3.7 cm Pak L/45,[5] later adopted in Wehrmacht service as 3.7 cm Pak 36. By 1943, most armies judged anti-tank rifles to lack combat effectiveness due to the diminished ability to penetrate the thicker armor of new tanks – The Lahti L-39 is a Finnish 20mm anti-tank rifle used during World War II. 35 anti-tank rifle was extensively used by most Polish units. The concept of sloping armour was totally new and the 50mm guns of the german PZKWIII was totally useless against it as was the Pak-37 anti-tank gun. could be mounted on various vehicles,inc the humvee. At this point they were actually artillery guns aimed horizontally as an improvised way to attack the new unexpected tanks appearing on the battlefield. Hull and track engineering was largely dictated by the terrain—the need to cross wide trenches—although the relationship between ground pressure and soil-vehicle mechanics was not resolved until the Second World War. After Belgium declared neutrality in 1936, France began work on extending the line along the Belgian border. Replacements like the PaK 38 and PaK 40 were on their way, but the numerous 3.7cm guns were still used until they could be withdrawn, increasingly in secondary roles, garrisons or for training. 4 p. Last updated 2018-05-22 13:53:01. With greater use of tanks by both sides it was realized that the accompanying infantry could be forced to ground by ambush fire, thus separating them from the tanks, which would continue to advance, eventually finding themselves exposed to close-assaults by German infantry and sappers. This suggested that the infantry needed to be armed with integral anti-tank weapons. These technologies took three ammunition approaches: use of grenades by infantrymen, including the Geballte Ladung ("Bundled Charge") of several stick grenades bound together by pioneers; early attempts at the small-caliber anti-tank rifles like the 13 mm Mauser bolt-action; and 3.7 cm TaK Rheinmetall in starrer Räder-lafette 1916 anti-tank gun on a light carriage which could destroy a tank[4] using large-caliber armor-piercing ammunition issued in 1917 to special commands; and the existing 77 mm field guns (such as the 7.7 cm FK 16) of the infantry division's artillery regiment were also eventually issued with special armor-piercing (AP) ammunition. An infantryman cannot be targeted by a tank's main gun when close, as it cannot depress sufficiently. It was usually towed by a Univeral Carrier. First off, maintenance. Panzerfaust-- a recoilless, one-man antitank grenade launcher. Experience strongly suggested that towed AT guns were less effective than self-propelled AT weapons and took heavier casualties. Anti-tank guns were usually deployed to cover terrain more suitable for tanks, and were protected by minefields laid at about 500 meters to 1 kilometer from their positions by combat engineers. The US Army does have tanks with 105mm guns; the M60A3. Where there were insufficient anti-tank weapons, engineers would construct anti-tank obstacles such as dragon's teeth or czech hedgehog. Deploying small numbers of tanks would therefore cause the Allies to lose the element of surprise, allowing Germans to develop countermeasures. For the Invasion of Normandy, the British produced the 3-inch (76.2 mm) calibre QF 17 pounder, whose design had begun before the 6 pounder entered service, which proved to be a highly effective anti-tank gun and was also used on the tank and the tank destroyer. A weapon represented to U.S. troops as an anti tank gun though the best it could punch was an APC. Although these systems allowed infantry to take on even the largest tanks, and, like HEAT, its effectiveness was independent of range, infantry typically operated at short range. Anti-tank guns are guns designed to destroy armored vehicles from defensive positions. The pillboxes would be used to house heavy artillery and machine guns. If all else fails, the hatch could also be forced open and grenades thrown inside, although later tank designs often have hatches designed to be difficult to open from the outside. The construction was partially based on the Allied experience with the Hindenburg Line which was breached with tank support during the battles of Cambrai and St. Quentin Canal, although German Command was more impressed by the surprise achieved by the Canadian troops at the Battle of the Canal du Nord. Their positions had to be carefully selected and once engaged, they generally could not redeploy. Effectively eliminating the need to engage the enemy at close range. Any field artillery cannon with barrel length 15 to 25 times longer than its caliber was able also to fire anti-tank ammunition, such as the Soviet A-19. IIRC the M-72 is LAWS (Light Anti-tank Weapon System) while LAW (Light Anti-tank Weapon) is the generic term. As the war progressed, this disadvantage often resulted in the loss or destruction of both the antitank gun and its trained crew. The reliance on the Maginot Line, and the subsequent surprise of the German offensive left no time to develop existing capabilities and tactics in the West. Towed anti-tank guns took too long to deploy on the move and it was difficult to guess where the enemy would concentrate for an attack. A 1987 U.S. Army news archive about light anti-tank weapon training by the 7th Infantry Division (Light), Fort Ord, Calif. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-tank_warfare&oldid=990772206, Articles lacking in-text citations from December 2010, Wikipedia introduction cleanup from December 2016, Articles covered by WikiProject Wikify from December 2016, All articles covered by WikiProject Wikify, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2010, Articles needing additional references from August 2008, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from August 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2009, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, The Japanese forces employed suicide attacks with pole-mounted anti-tank mines dubbed, Operational range over the horizon (20–40 km range), Tactical zone forming-up area and rear combat zone (2–7 km range), Tactical forward combat zone (1–2 km range), This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 12:15. They captured so many Soviet 76.2mm anti-tank guns that they designed an entire weapons system around them, the Marder tank destroyer. Is LAW a generic name for whatever anti-armour tube is currently issued, or is it reserved for the M72 piece-of-crap ? Towed anti-tank guns were thought to be the primary means of defeating tanks. You are correct in assuming that the US no longer uses towed anti-tank guns, primarily because they have extremely poor mobility. The tank would then be engaged by the divisional 7.7 cm guns brought forward, that would try to disable the tracks with ordinary HE shells (and later AP ammunition). The KV-1 and KV-2 are recognised as being amongst the most heavily armoured tanks deployed during WW2. Helicopters could be used as well to rapidly deliver scattered anti-tank mines. An additional reason against modern AT guns is that the fire-controll required to give them the same range (M1A1’s Rh120L44 maingun is 3200 meters effective range). Urmel Member Posts: 4181 Joined: 25 Aug 2008, 10:34 Location: The late JBond. So although it was intended for anti-aircraft defense, in reality this was not how the M2 was actually used on the M4 Shermans. The Wz. Some tank crews repositioned it to be better used as an anti-personnel weapon, while others simply removed the gun completely. There are also anti-tank walls while an anti-tank pole can still be seen at Hornsea. This meant a change in Republican operational and eventually strategic planning, and a more protracted combat operations, with more casualties at a greater cost. In the case of the M47, the system mated to the existing machine gun mount, without having to remove the machine gun. I believe we do. 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