I will be his father, and he shall be my son: if he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men: but my lovingkindness shall not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I put away before thee. Luke 21:31 There is no good reason for not taking this exactly as it is written, namely, that David will be raised from the dead and will with Christ reign over the people of Israel in the millennium. In verses 24 and 25 Ezekiel writes: “And my servant David shall be king over them; and they all shall have one shepherd: they shall also walk in mine ordinances, and observe my statutes, and do them. (2) A spiritual fulfillment would not be becoming to a solemn covenant. From the time of the Babylonian captivity on there was no literal earthly kingdom. It is interesting to note, however, that the people of Israel retain their identity as Israelites even as the Gentiles retain their identity as Gentiles in the eternal state. In this connection she is told that Christ will reign on the throne of His father David over the house of Jacob. (3) Both David and Solomon apparently understood it to be literal (II Samuel 7:18-29; II Chronicles 6:14-16). During the thousand-year reign of Christ, the remnant nation Israel, surviving the great tribulation, will greatly increase as will the Gentile nations, and repopulate the earth and rebuild their cities. Samuel H. Wilkinson, in his book, The Israel Promises and Their Fulfillment, pp. (3) The throne of his kingdom would be continued forever and would not be taken away from David’s son even if he committed iniquity. When Jesus came preaching, our Blessed Savior was proclaiming the Gospel of the Kingdom. God’s Kingdom on earth Old Testament prophets, while under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, wrote about the Kingdom of God being established on earth (2 Peter 1:20-21). On the basis of prophecy which has already been fulfilled and prophecies which can be expected to be fulfilled in the future, a broad future program for Israel can be established in the Bible. Though this can be done only briefly within the limits of our present discussion, some important facts can be cited which decisively determine the ultimate interpretation of the Davidic covenant. Jacob in his prophetic summary of the future of Israel prophesied concerning Judah: “The sceptre shall not depart from Judah, nor the ruler’s staff from between his feet, until Shiloh come; and unto him shall the obedience of the peoples be.” Though the full significance of this passage has been debated by some scholars, it can hardly be disputed that it limits the throne to Judah and his descendants. A similar confirmation is found in Jeremiah 33:14-17 where the same particulars are spelled out in detail. Therefore fear thou not, O Jacob my servant, saith Jehovah; neither be dismayed, O Israel: for, lo, I will save thee from afar, and thy seed from the land of their captivity; and Jacob shall return, and shall be quiet and at ease, and none shall make him afraid.” As in other passages, the fulfillment of the Davidic covenant is linked with the return of Israel to the land following their time of Jacob’s trouble, as indicated in the preceding context. In the settlement of this problem it is recorded that James made the following address: “Brethren, hearken unto me: Symeon hath rehearsed how first God visited the Gentiles, to take out of them a people for his name. For any Jewish maiden who accepted the Old Testament prophecy concerning the future of Israel and entertained the hope of a coming Messiah, would hardly question that the prophecy given by the angel would be interpreted literally, that is, she would understand by the throne of David an earthly throne such as David enjoyed in his lifetime. According to Ezekiel 20:34-38, regathered Israel will be judged and rebels or unbelievers will be purged out. Accordingly, he called in Nathan the prophet and said to him: “See now, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of God dwelleth within curtains.” Nathan responded as recorded in II Samuel 7:3: “Go, do all that is in thy heart, for Jehovah is with thee.” That night the Lord corrected Nathan the prophet in reminding him that God had never commanded them to build Him a house of cedar. The matter of literal fulfillment of the promises is confirmed also by the fact that certain portions of it have been literally fulfilled. The principal difficulty, however, seems to be that the connotation of the Davidic covenant supports the premillennial interpretation of the Bible involving a future reign of Christ on earth as David’s greater Son. But seek ye first the kingdom of God, and his righteousness; and all these things shall be added unto you. Heal the sick who are there and tell them, 'The kingdom of God is near you.' Charles H. Dodd, The Parables of the Kingdom (Glasgow: Collins, 1978). The Kingdom of God is universal, taking in as subjects every creature and thing in the universe. Once have I sworn by my holiness: I will not lie unto David: his seed shall endure for ever, and his throne as the sun before me. First, the unusual phrase, 'throne of the kingdom', indicating that the term 'throne' is a fixed symbol of a kingdom, and secondly, that God's kingdom is 'over Israel'. "Old Testament," in fact, is an unfortunate and misleading name for that part of the Bible. From that time Jesus began to preach, saying, “Repent, for the … (7) There is no ground for identifying David’s throne and the Father’s throne. According to Jeremiah 30:9, 10 it is predicted that Israel will be free from Gentile oppression and will serve the Lord and David their king. Professor of Old Testament The Master’s Seminary God’s kingdom program is a major theme of both the Old Testament and New Testament. In this covenant the promise of a king and a kingdom is narrowed to David’s seed. The covenant with David is not only given twice in its major content— namely, II Samuel 7 and I Chronicles 17—but it is also confirmed in Psalm 89. The period of great tribulation will feature not only a time of trouble for Israel, but will be a period in which divine wrath is expressed on the earth. We are entering into Kingdom business. Though Christ refused the request on the ground that only the Father had the right to bestow such an honor, He did not deny that such an honor might be afforded someone, which would hardly have been the case if the throne of God itself had been in view. According to Matthew 20:20-23, the mother of James and John came to Christ with a request concerning them: “Command that these my two sons may sit, one on thy right hand, and one on thy left, in thy kingdom.” She certainly was not asking that these disciples would share the Father’s throne in glory, but it is obvious that what she anticipated was that they would share the earthly rule of Christ in the kingdom promised to Israel. The King James Version (KJV), also known as the King James Bible (KJB), sometimes as the English version of 1611, or simply the Authorized Version (AV), is an English translation of the Christian Bible for the Church of England, commissioned in 1604 and completed as well as published in 1611 under the sponsorship of James VI and I. In this sense, too, the Kingdom of God has come and is at work in a vision of Paradise Regained. In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely; and this is his name whereby he shall be called: Jehovah our righteousness.” In the verses immediately following, this reign is linked with the regathering of the children of Israel and their occupation of their ancient lands. A concluding word is found in Zechariah 14 where it is predicted that after the second coming of Christ when His feet will touch the Mount of Olives (Zechariah 14:4), and “Jehovah shall be king over all the earth” (Zechariah 14:9). Between the Testaments _____ GOSPELS; Kingdom in Gospels; Matthew Study Guide; Matthew Keys; Matthew outline & notes; Matthew 5–7; Matthew 7:24-27; Matthew 11:12; Matthew 13ff. The coming of our Lord Jesus fulfilled this primordial promise and ushered in a reversal of the effects of the Fall. In brief, the amillennial point of view is that the Davidic kingdom promised to David’s posterity is not a rule over the house of Israel, but a spiritual rule over the saints fulfilled in Christ’s present session at the right hand of God. In short, we cannot separate Kingdom from Christ. The Search OF the Savior: Why Jesus Came, Part 1 (Luke 19:1-10), Bible Storying Series - Teaching The Story Of God Chronologically, Bible Teaching Ideas: The Ten Commandments And Ten Fingers. Inasmuch as Israel has not only a prominent place in the plan of God for the past, but also in the future, a proper understanding of the eschatology of Israel does much to open up a proper understanding of God’s purpose as a whole and is seemingly indispensable to any detailed exegesis of the eschatology unfolded in the Old and New Testaments. The promise goes far beyond Solomon, however, in that the kingdom, throne, and David’s house itself were established forever. In understanding the promises of a future kingdom given to Israel, one of the major Scriptures is that containing the Davidic covenant recorded in II Samuel 7 and I Chronicles 17. and is destined to continue until the second coming. Premillenarians, on the other hand, believe that prophecy is not a special case requiring spiritualization any more than any other area of divine revelation and they believe also that prophecy should be interpreted normally—that is, in an ordinary, grammatical and literal sense unless the context or theology as a whole plainly indicates to the contrary. Zechariah, the Kingdom of God in _____ Kingdom Writings Index (PDF) Kingdom Writings Index (Word) Kingdom Studies Digest; New Testament. “Thy Kingdom come . The term kingdom is probably the most difficult term to define, but it would seem quite clear to David that God was referring to his own rule over Israel in a political sense. The beastly powers of this present evil age not only resist the rule of Jehovah, but actively conspire to undo His dominion. And they shall dwell in the land that I have given unto Jacob my servant, wherein your father dwelt; and they shall dwell therein, they, and their children, and their children’s children, for ever: and David my servant shall be their prince for ever.” It should be obvious that in Ezekiel’s days David had been dead over four hundred years and that this is a prophecy that David will be raised from the dead prior to the millennial reign of Christ and share with Christ the rule of the people of Israel. Do not be afraid, little flock, for your Father has been pleased to … The difficulties in interpretation come in examining the exact meaning of the term house as it pertains to David’s posterity and the words throne and kingdom. Christ's office as mediator comprehends three different "functions, viz., those of a prophet, priest, and king. It would seem that the promises are simple and direct that David’s posterity should continue forever and that his political kingdom would not end. In this fine point is an illustration not only of the literalness of the prophecy, but of God’s intention to cut off Solomon’s line at the time of the captivity of Judah embodied in the declarations in Jeremiah 22:20 and 36:30. Come into the fulness of Your Kingdom, the glorious rule and reign over all creatures and all things, beginning with me.”. The zeal of Jehovah of hosts will perform this.” Again the throne of David is mentioned specifically and the promise indicates that the fulfillment will go on forever. Such a situation does not prevail in this present age and is not related here or elsewhere to the reign of Christ from the throne of His Father in heaven. Such a situation is quite foreign to the present age. Dr. George Eldon Ladd of Fuller Theological Seminary wrote convincingly about the two natures of the Kingdom of God: its presence and its future state. In the study of the prophecy relating to Israel, one of the major themes is the kingdom promised to David. Pentecost divides these confusing aspects of the kingdom of God into two categories, the eternal kingdom and the theocratic kingdom.4 As Pentecost and others have noted, the theme of the theocratic kingdom can be traced from the Garden of Eden through the period of human government initiated by Noah, the period of the patriarchs initiated by Abraham, the kingdom under the judges, the kingdom under the kings, and finally the kingdom … Intertestamental. And behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb, and bring forth a son, and shalt call his name JESUS. This of course is not a contradiction of the fulfillment of the Davidic covenant, but is a part of the same picture. Ladd also said the Kingdom is now moving through the lives of God’s people, one by one, and building an unstoppable roadway to a new, future, Kingdom that will express the fullness of the teaching of Jesus. The future of Israel is the fulfillment of a divine purpose sovereignly conceived in which the children of Israel constitute one of the major vehicles of divine revelation. So his master gave an order. The phrase ‘Kingdom of God’ (also ‘Kingdom of Heaven’ or ‘Kingdom of Light’) appears more than 80 times in the New Testament. Scholars have not agreed on the precise interpretation of this passage and amillenarians in particular have labored to make this a contradiction of the premillennial point of view. According to the context, David had been concerned that the worship of the Lord had centered in the tabernacle, a tent-like structure, which had been originally built by Moses. Jesus said that the Kingdom of God was near to the People with His appearance (Mark 1:15). Immediately following His statement (verses 13–14), Jesus signifies that John was the capstone of the Old Testament revelation and the one who fulfilled the prophecy of Malachi 4:5. One of the three special relations in which Christ stands to his people. Quite often the attempt is made to deny that anything in the Old Testament construes a premillennial eschatology and statements are made such as that of Louis Berkhof: “The only Scriptural basis for this theory [i.e., premillennialism] is Revelation 20:1-6, after an Old Testament content has been poured into it” (Systematic Theology, p. 715). When Our Savior taught that the Kingdom of God was like leaven that leavens the whole lump of dough, He used a daily experience of every person listening to demonstrate an incomparable dynamic. This point of view is quite unacceptable to the amillenarian and therefore for them some interpretation of the Davidic covenant must be found other than that of a literal fulfillment. Here the meticulous accuracy of the promises given to David and Solomon is illustrated. According to Psalm 89:3, 4 Jehovah declares: “I have made a covenant with my chosen, I have sworn unto David my servant: Thy seed will I establish for ever, and build up thy throne to all generations.” This concept is declared again later in the same psalm beginning in verse 29 where it is promised that the seed will endure forever in spite of the specific problem of Israel’s sins and departure from God. or, lo there! for, behold, the kingdom of God is within you. And thy house and thy kingdom shall be made sure for ever before thee: thy throne shall be established for ever.”. On the expectation involved in the fulfillment of the Davidic covenant, a future program of Israel can be outlined, including God’s dealing with Israel in the time of tribulation, to be followed by their blessing in the millennial reign of Christ and ultimate enjoyment of the eternal state in the New Jerusalem. God installs and removes kings (Dan. Jeremiah writes: “But they shall serve Jehovah their God, and David their king, whom I will raise up unto them. 4:4-7), 3. (Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, 1993), 118. “He says: ‘It is too light a thing that you should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob and to bring back the preserved of Israel; I will make you as a light for the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth.’” (Isaiah 49:6). The Kingdom of God as Yeast. The Kingdom of God is not an actual location. Of major importance is the main thesis of his remarks which is based on a reference and partial quotation of Amos 9:11, 12. Four areas will be considered: first, the covenant with David; second, Old Testament confirmation; third, New Testament confirmation; fourth, prophetic fulfillment. One of the problems which is often raised concerning the fulfillment of the Davidic covenant is the fact that for many years the throne was unoccupied. This is not only the order of the Old Testament, but it is the order of this portion in Acts and is further confirmed by the order indicated in Romans chapter 11 where Israel is to be grafted back into the place of blessing which Gentiles now enjoy. The Kingdom is here. Donald A. Hagner, Rev. It is entirely possible that the request originated in the incident recorded in Matthew 19 where Christ had promised them in verse 28: “Verily, I say unto you, that ye who have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of man shall sit on the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel.” Here Christ is specifically confirming the concept of a future kingdom in which Israel would be the subjects and in which the disciples would have part in the government. Over this land Christ will rule as He rules over the entire world. The heavenly city, the New Jerusalem, will descend and rest upon the new earth. The tension between the kingdom of this world and the Kingdom of God is never ignored by Scripture. Just like Adam’s dominion over the world, God’s promise that Israel would be a blessing to the nations (Gen 12:1-3) does not materialize in the Old Testament either. “The Lord reigns; let the earth rejoice; let the many coastlands be glad! This is another strong confirmation that the literal interpretation of the Davidic covenant was intended. However, it seems that “after these things I will return” refers to the return of Christ after the period of Gentile .prominence which began in 606 B.C. Jeremiah writes: “Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will perform that good word which I have spoken concerning the house of Israel and concerning the house of Judah. For thus saith Jehovah: David shall never want a man to sit upon the throne of the house of Israel.” The context concerns itself with Israel’s restoration and specifically speaks of the house of Israel and the house of Judah. His self-identity as God incarnate was never in doubt. God’s rule was prophesied repeatedly. The mountains melt like wax before the Lord, before the Lord of all the earth.” (Psalm 97:1-5). It should better be referred to as the Hebrew Scriptures, because there is more than the old covenant (i.e. Why Does Matthew Use “Kingdom of Heaven” Instead of “Kingdom of God”? At the end of the millennial reign of Christ, Satan is loosed and divine judgment overtakes any born in the millennium who rebels against Christ, who are Jewish and Gentile unbelievers. This, of course, does not mean that Christians have no influence in the world, but that our faith is measured by our relationship with Jesus, not by the standards of the world. Part of these promises were fulfilled in Solomon in that Solomon was later born and ultimately built the temple. Certainly it fits in beautifully with the idea that the Abrahamic covenant anticipates Israel continuing eternally as a nation and possessing the land forever. David who is raised from the dead along with Old Testament saints has a part in the government of the people of Israel. And this was yet a small thing in thine eyes, O Lord Jehovah; but thou hast spoken also of thy servant’s house for a great while to come; and this too after the manner of men, O Lord Jehovah!” David after recounting Israel’s history adds this word in verse 25: “And now, O Jehovah God, the word that thou hast spoken concerning thy servant, and concerning his house, confirm thou it for ever, and do as thou hast spoken.” In similar vein he concludes in verse 29: “Now therefore let it please thee to bless the house of thy servant, that it may continue for ever before thee; for thou, O Lord Jehovah, hast spoken it: and with thy blessing let the house of thy servant be blessed for ever.”. 2.21; 4.31). In the New Testament in the lineage of Christ as recorded in Matthew 1 and Luke 3, it seems to be made evident that Joseph descended from Solomon, which line was cut off, while Mary descended from Nathan, another son of David, rather than from Solomon. A period of great trouble which Jeremiah refers to as “the time of Jacob’s trouble” will follow. The Presence of the Future: The Eschatology of Biblical Realism, Paul and the Rhetoric of Reversal in 1 Corinthians: The Impact of Paul’s Gospel on His Macro-Rhetoric, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Amos 9:14 reads as follows: “And I will bring back the captivity of my people Israel, and they shall build the waste cities, and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof; they shall also make gardens, and eat the fruit of them.” In other words, the kingdom concerns itself with the rule over the people of Israel in their ancient land which will be characterized by revival and restoration, exactly what we would expect by the reference to rebuilding the tent of David. In those days, and at that time, will I cause a Branch of righteousness to grow up unto David; and he shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. Amillenarians, generally speaking, tend to spiritualize promises which would teach a future millennium, though they interpret literally prophecies which do not interfere with their system. Only those who pass the searching judgment of Christ are allowed to enter into the millennial period. The Kingdom has come. The destiny of the kingdom of God administered through Old Testament covenants reached its climax through the work of Christ in establishing the new covenant. With the destruction of the enemies of Christ and the establishment of the millennial kingdom, the process of Israel’s regathering and restoration will be completed. The kingdom has come in fulfillment of the Old Testament promises. The normal and natural exegesis of these passages therefore requires a future restoration to Israel and a future fulfillment of the kingdom promises. Mike and his wife, Mae, reside in North Carolina. The promise given to David includes the following provisions: (1) David is promised a child who would succeed him on the throne. Relevant Words of God “As My words are consummated, the kingdom is gradually formed on earth and man is gradually returned to normality, and thus there is established on earth the kingdom in My heart.In the kingdom, all the people of God recover the life of normal man. In Daniel we discover that the authority invested in the "son of man" is endowed by God. It has already been pointed out that postponement and delay of the kingdom is by no means an argument against it, for Hosea 3:4, 5 anticipates precisely such a situation. How Is the Kingdom of God “Already but Not Yet”? One of these is in the birth of Christ Himself who literally fulfilled many promises pertaining to David’s seed. His rule is marked off by certain events which occur before and certain events which follow His millennial reign. The promise to Abraham concerning his seed and the land, and the frequent prophecy of Israel’s ultimate regathering are part of a larger pattern which promises a future kingdom to Israel. 25 The man was not able to pay. See Galatians 1:4. The eschatology of Israel in a word depends on the authority and accuracy of Biblical prophecy and the legitimacy of its normal and literal interpretation. And to be “in Christ” requires repentance and faith in Jesus as Lord and Savior. Jesus’ answer was that the kingdom of God was not … In his proposition 52, he lists 21 arguments in favor of literal interpretation and includes other collateral material. These arguments, usually ignored by amillenarians, have great weight and seem to provide a reasonable approach to the Davidic covenant and the promise of the kingdom. He is the President of Faith for Living and the D. James Kennedy Institute a long-time Presbyterian minister, and Chaplain (Colonel) USA-R. Dr. Milton is the author of more than thirty books and a musician with five albums released. to sit on the throne of the kingdom of Yahweh over Israel' (1 Chr. The divine order therefore is judgment on Israel and blessing upon Gentile first, to be followed by judgment on Gentile and blessing on Israel. Christianity.com is a member of the Salem Web Network of sites including: Copyright © 2020, Christianity.com. Jeremiah writes: “Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land. It would seem that this covenant assured to David that his political rule as well as his physical posterity would continue forever even though it might be interrupted, just as the possession of the land was temporarily interrupted. The Kingdom is not only near us, in us, but is moving towards a comprehensive translation of all the universe: a new heaven and a new earth. This is confirmed by David’s own remarks in connection with the giving of the covenant. The description of the new earth given in Revelation 21:22 seems clearly to include Israel as well as Gentile saints of all ages. Revelation 21:1-4 - And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth … Calling it the "Old" Testament implies to some people that it is done away with and no longer relevant. Prayer is the currency of the Kingdom. (1), “Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain? Such loving condescension by the Lord to use us in His Kingdom work is not only humbling but magnifies the glory of God. 23 “The kingdom of heaven is like a king who wanted to collect all the money his servants owed him. However, in the Old Testament God is spoken of as ruling (for example, Psalm 47:2; Psalm 103:19; Daniel 4:17,Daniel 4:17, 4:25-37).The Old Testament emphasis on God's sovereign power over all kings and kingdoms sets the stage for the New Testament teaching. But my lovingkindness will I not utterly take from him, nor suffer my faithfulness to fail. Such an interpretation not only provides a literal fulfillment of many prophecies pertaining to it, but is fully honoring to the Word of God as that which is inspired infallibly by the Holy Spirit. This will also be shared by the twelve apostles, whom Christ assured participation in His government of Israel in the millennial state. God's kingly rule or sovereignty. In any case, Christ did not tell her that her request was out of bounds because there was to be no earthly rule. Jesus said, “Let the little children come to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these.”. In Jeremiah 23:5, 6 the reign of the king who is the son of David is described as coming to pass in a day when Judah and Israel shall be saved and dwell safely. He used the phrase “already and not yet” in A Theology of the New Testament to describe his position on the Kingdom of God and then immediately explains his words: “The early church found itself living in a tension between realization and expectation—between “already” and “not yet.” The age of fulfillment has come; the day of consummation stands yet in the future.”. Mary certainly would not understand by the phrase “the house of Jacob” a reference to saints in general regardless of racial background. He is the Creator and we are creation. In understanding the promises of a future kingdom given to Israel, one of the major Scriptures is that containing the Davidic covenant recorded in II Samuel 7 and I Chronicles 17. David resurrected from the dead will share this position of authority as a prince under Christ. It would seem evident, therefore, that the people of Israel were acting in good faith when they expected God to revive their kingdom, deliver them from their enemies, and restore them to their ancient land. Here it is recorded that the disciples came to Christ and asked the question according to Acts 1:6: “Lord, dost thou at this time restore the kingdom to Israel?” From the question itself it becomes apparent that the disciples were still anticipating an earthly kingdom and hoped for its immediate realization. The Definition of the word Kingdom of God. This of course faces frontally the whole premillennial-amillennial argument which can only be resolved on the relative cogency of the results of the method. Michael A. Milton, PhD (University of Wales; MPA, UNC Chapel Hill; MDiv, Knox Seminary), Dr. Milton is a retired seminary chancellor and currently serves as the James Ragsdale Chair of Missions at Erskine Theological Seminary. 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