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Asiatic Society of Bengal, Calcutta. 65. Drama) Haas translates the sāttvika-bhāva as ‘Involuntary States.’ But this seems to be very misleading, for the NŚ. Traditionally assigned to Bharata Muni, a legendary sage, Natya Shastra is one among the famous trio of India, the other two being Kautalya’s Artha Shastra and Vatsyayana’s Kama Shastra. (see VII 93), and most of the later writers follow this work in this respect. 50. —Polly Berrien Berends (20th century) “ Weigh what loss your honor may sustain If with too credent ear you list his songs, Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open To his unmastered importunity. Now the Terrible (bhayānaka) Sentiment has as its basis the Durable Psychological State of fear. [In reply] it is said that just as well-disposed persons while eating food cooked with many kinds of spice, enjoy (āsvādayanti) its tastes, and attain pleasure and satisfaction, so the cultured people taste the Durable Psychological States while they see them represented by an expression of the various Psychological States with Words, Gestures and the Sattva, and derive pleasure and satisfaction. determinatin of purpose, indignation, remembrance, horripilation and the like. 15. Hence these Durable Psychological States in a drama are called Sentiments.[24]. This is to be represented on the stage by Consequents like weeping loudly, fainting, lamenting and bewailing, exerting the body or striking it. It is said in reply [that, rasa is so called] because it is capable of being tasted (āsvādyate). This is to be represented on the stage by narrowing down the mouth and the eyes, covering the nose, bending down the head and walking imperceptibly. 72. takes sattva to be connected with manas. II. It should be represented on the stage by Consequents such as clever movement of eyes, eyebrows, glances, soft and delicate movement of limbs, and sweet words and similar other things. The eight Sentiments[5] recognized in drama are as follows: Erotic (śṛṅgāra), Comic (hāsya), Pathetic (karuṇa), Furious (raudra), Heroic (vīra), Terrible (bhayānaka), Odious (bībhatsa) and Marvellous (adbhuta)[6]. 17. Keith translates this word as ‘feeling’ or ‘emotion.’ See Skt. There are besides two Āryās related to the preceding Sūtra: 47-48. Hence the theory of rasa has come to be interpreted differently in later times by Lollata, Śaṅkuka, (Bhaṭṭa) Nāyaka and Abhinavagupta. [23] For in this connexion there are two traditional couplets: 32-33. See Ramaswamy Sastri, Bh. Bharata mentions eight rasas and Shanta rasa was included at later stages. Two by two they belong respectively to the superior, the middling and the inferior types [of persons]. The English translation of the Natyashastra, a Sanskrit work on drama, performing arts, theater, dance, music and various other topics. Brihadaranyaka 69-81. Pr. This is created by Determinants like hideous noise, sight of ghosts, panic and anxiety due to [untimely cry of] jackals and owls,[30] staying in an empty house or forest, sight of death or captivity of dear ones, or news of it, or discussion about it. As Prof. Adya Rangacharya stated in… are seven[19] in number, and they fall into two groups: human (śārirā, lit. First Chapter. For details about pravṛttis see XIV. 10. small) number of words, it is called the Memorial Verse which shows the meaning [of the rule clearly].[4]. The Gentle Laughter (vihasita) should have slight sound, and sweetness, and should be suitable to the occasion, and in it eyes and cheeks should be contracted and the face joyful. But this is not so. It is created by Determinants like hearing of unpleasant, offensive, impure and harmful things or seeing them or discussing them. Rig vedic. Now the Odious (bībhatsa) Sentiment has as its basis the Durable Psychological State of disgust. The Sanskrit text Natya shastra presents the rasa theory in Chapter 6, a text attributed to Bharata Muni. Practice of Representation (dharmī)[15] in a dramatic performance is twofold: realistic (lokadharmī, lit. Poetics, Vol. wisdomlib - the greatest source of ancient and modern knowledge; Like what you read? On these points there are two traditional Āryās: 69. ?stra) is an ancient Indian treatise on the performing arts, encompassing theatre, dance and music. Now the Heroic (vīra) Sentiment, relates to the superior type of persons and has energy as its basis. O the best of Brahmins, [the subjects included into] the Digest which I mentioned earlier, will now be discussed in detail with the necessary Memorial Verses and Etymologies connected with them. Drama, p. 326). 11. 1 Thus have been described the origin, colours and deities of these [Sentiments]. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. For example, one who is elegantly dressed is called a lovely person (śṛṅgārin). V. Raghavan, Śr. Explain how the Sentiments enumerated by experts in dramatic art attain their [special] qualities. This is created by Determinants, such as presence of mind, perseverance, diplomacy, discipline, military strength, aggressiveness, reputation of might, influence and the like. This is created by Determinants such as, showing unseemly dress or ornament, impudence, greediness, quarrel, defective limb, use of irrelevant words, mentioning of different faults, and similar other things. Bharathanatyam is the classical Indian dance that adhere to Natya Shastra of 400 B.C. 54. 22. The Marvellous Sentiment is that which arises from words, character, deed and personal beauty. Kuzemkino we can help you if you came here to download pdf. Just as a tree grows from a seed, and flowers and fruits from a tree, to the Sentiments are the source (lit. SINGLE PAGE PROCESSED JP2 ZIP download. Basically, the Natyashastra documents the history behind the development of the arts in India; it is a theater and dance treatise of. Basically, the Natyashastra documents the history behind the development of the arts in India; it is a theater and dance treatise of national. feelings) so called, and what do they bhāvayanti (make us feel)?. The Pathetic Sentiment is of three kinds, viz that arising from obstruction of lawful deeds, from loss of wealth and from bereavement. [29] It is to be easily inferred that persons who imitate them give rise to the Furious Sentiment from their fights and battles. 3 0 obj
The Nāṭyaśāstra is the world's oldest treatise on performing arts. without) the Psychological States, and no Psychological States without the Sentiments [following it], and during the Histrionic Representation they result from their interaction. Complimentary Psychological States in it do not include fear, indolence, cruelty and disgust. Of these the celestial is due to seeing heavenly sights, and the joys due to joyful happenings. We follow Keith’s translation (Skt. ???? 153) writes “avahitaṃ manaḥ sattvaṃ tat prayojanaṃ heturasyeti sāttvikaḥ; mano'navadhāne hi na śakyante eva svarabhedādayo nāṭyena darśayitum.”. Just as persons are named, after the profession of their father, mother or family in accordance with the traditional authority, so the Sentiments, the Psychological States and other objects connected with drama are given names in pursuance of the practice and the traditional authority. The Terrible Sentiment is created by hideous noise, sight of ghosts, battle, entering an empty house or forest offending one’s superiors or the king. BHARATA MUNI NATYA SHASTRA PDF - First Chapter. Authorities on ars amatoria (vaiśikaśāstra) have mentioned ten conditions [of the persons separated from their beloved ones, which are pathetic]. The four Styles are translated by him as Eloquent (bhāratī), Grandiose (sāttvatī), Gay (kaiśikī) and Horrific (ārabhaṭī). Comic situations which may arise in the course of a play, for persons of the superior, middling or inferior type are thus to be given expression to. Manomohan Ghosh (Transl) (1961). from the Vīṇā).[20]. This Comic Sentiment is of two kinds: self-centred and centred in others; and it relates to the three types of persons: superior, middling and inferior, and has thus [on the whole] six varieties. The NŚ. Abhinavagupta followed a text of Natyasastra containing 36 chapters. And the Comic and the Terrible Sentiments are likewise of three kinds, viz, of limbs, dress and words. vācika—means words suitable for representation of the different States (bhāva) composed by the playwright. Just as connoisseur of cooked food (bhakta) while eating food which has been prepared from various spices and other articles taste it, so the learned people taste in their heart (manas) the Durable Psychological States (such as love, sorrow etc.) 36. See SD. 44-45. Cf. This is to be represented on the stage by a gesture of feeling [sweet] smell, joyful shaking of limbs, and uttering hā, hā, hā sounds, speaking words of approbation, tremor, choking voice, perspiration and the like. It is to be represented on the stage by Consequents, such as wide opening of eyes, looking with fixed gaze, horripilation, tears [of joy], perspiration, joy, uttering words of approbation, making gifts, crying incessantly hā, hā, hā, waving the end of dhoti or sārī, and movement of fingers and the like. vocabularies), and the rules of grammatical interpretation, includes the significance of the root involved as well as the reasons modifying it, and is helped by various findings [of Śāstras], and this meaning [of a noun] is established [mainly] from a consideration of its root [and pratyaya or affix]. p. 26). 2003 mitsubishi outlander repair ... chapter 1 the history of organizational theory and behavior, guardians of the galaxy Page 6/9. Drama, p. 319, A. K. Coomaraswamy and others translate it as “mood” (loc. The Pathetic Sentiment arises from seeing the death of a beloved person, or from hearing something very unpleasant, and these are its Determinants. 2 Now one enquires, “Do the Psychological States come out of the Sentiments or the Sentiments come out of the Psychological States?” On this point, some are of opinion that they arise from their mutual contact. Shri Ram Sharma Hindi PDF Book – Spiritual (Adhyatmik) admin on शूद्रों की खोज : डॉ० बी० आर० अम्बेडकर द्वारा हिंदी पीडीऍफ़ पुस्तक – ग्रन्थ | Shudron Ki Khoj : by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Hindi PDF Book – Granth Aitareya; Kaushitaki; Sama vedic. Natya-Shastra is a detailed compendium of technical instructions about the performing arts. 63. 79. 25-26. endobj
elaborately defines the term sattva and discusses the psychological process connected with its use; see (pp. When a rule (lit. Summary of Bharata Muni's Natyashastra - Riyaz The Sanskrit text Natya shastra presents the rasa theory in Chapter 6, a text attributed to Bharata Muni. "Natya Shastra (Chapters 1–27)". The title is a combination of two Sanskrit words – Natya and Shastra. Besides these, what are the real meanings of terms, such as, Digest (saṃgraha)[1], Memorial Verse (kārikā) and Etymology (nirukta)”? 78. Just as a combination of auxiliary cooked eatables (vyañjana) and rice, imparts good taste to the food [in totality], so the Psychological States and the Sentiments cause one another to manifest themselves (bhāvayanti). The musical instruments are of four kinds: stringed (tata) covered (avanaddha), solid (ghana), and hollow (suṣira). This Terrible Sentiment should be always represented by tremor of hands and feet, paralysis, shaking of the body, palpitation of the heart, dryness of the lips, the mouth, the palate and the throat. Etymology is the definitive meaning which arises in connexion with various nouns, is helped by dictionaries (lit. In that connexion I shall first of all explain the Sentiments (rasa). Natya-Shastra-In-Sanskrit 2/2 PDF Drive - Search and download PDF files for free. 61. These are defined by their names. 27-29. bhāva—A.B. I. pp. Of these two, the Erotic Sentiment in union arises from Determinants like the pleasures of the season, the enjoyment of garlands, unguents, ornaments, [the company of] beloved persons, objects [of senses], splendid mansions, going to a garden, and enjoying [oneself] there, seeing [the beloved one], hearing [his or her words], playing and dallying [with him or her]. from body) and instrumental (vaiṇava, lit. As one laughs with an exhibition of oddly placed ornaments, uncouth behaviour, words and dress and strange movements of limbs, it is called the Comic Sentiment. Of these, the Sentiment from a sight of stool and worms is nauseating, and the sight of blood and similar objects is exciting. theatrical). Natya Shastra is the first text that mentions rasa, amplifying it in all senses by describing sthayi bhavas (basis of expression), sancharis (elaboration of expression), dividing the rasas as ashta rasas, colours depicting the rasas and respective devatas of each rasa. Keith does not make any such attempt (see Skt. It owes its origin to to Rākṣasas, Dānavas and haughty men, and is caused by fights. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. %����
Chandogya; Kena; Yajur vedic. No [poetic] meaning proceeds [from speech] without [any kind of] Sentiment. The text consists of 36 chapters with a cumulative total of 6000 poetic verses describing performance arts. And then he said, “O sages, I shall tell you in detail and in due order about the Digest, the Memorial Verse and the Etymology. Such is the Furious Sentiment viewed [by experts]; it is full of conflict of arms, and in it words, movement and deeds are terrible and fearful. 83. Viśvanātha in his SD. So the author of the ND. Whatever they attempt, be it their speech, movement of limbs or any other effort, is by nature furious. Book: Natya Shastra (with English Translations) Author: Bharat Muni Translator: Manomohan Ghosh M.A., Ph.D. the Sāṃkbyakārikā. 80. Later writers on Skt, poetics add one more rasa (śānta) to this number. Pr, 27. This (Sentiment), is of two kinds: self-centred and centred in others. Upanishads. Now the Pathetic (karuṇa) Sentiment arises from the Durable Psychological State of sorrow. when they are represented by an expression of the Psychological States with Gestures. It grows from Determinants such as affliction under a curse, separation from dear ones, loss of wealth, death, captivity, flight accidents or any other misfortune. But in case of the feigned fear all efforts for its representation should be milder. Even in their love-making they are violent. There are two Āryās [on these points]: 67. The Slight Smile (smita) of the people of the superior type should be characterized by slightly blown cheeks and elegant glances, and in it teeth are not be made visible. The Comic [Sentiment] arises from the Erotic, the Pathetic from the Furious, the Marvellous from the Heroic, and the Terrible from the Odious. 66. These eight are the Sentiments named by Druhiṇa (Brahmā). This is to be represented on the stage by means of Consequents such as, shedding tears, lamentation, dryness of the mouth, change of colour, drooping limbs, being out of breath, loss of memory and the like. During the Laughter of Ridicule (upahasita) the nose should be expanded, eyes should be squinting, and the shoulder and the head should be bent. Now we shall explain the Determinants, the Consequents, the Complementary Psychological States, their combination, definition and examples. I am not able by any means to exhaust all the topics about drama; for knowledge,[2] and arts and crafts[3] connected with it are respectively manifold and endless in number. lff. Now one enquires, “What is the meaning of the word rasa”? download 1 file . 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